A root canal is a dental procedure aimed at saving a severely decayed or infected tooth by removing the infected pulp from its interior. This pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue, and when it becomes infected or inflamed, it can cause severe pain and lead to further dental complications if left untreated. The root canal procedure begins with the dentist administering local anesthesia to numb the affected tooth and surrounding area, ensuring the patient’s comfort throughout the process. Next, the dentist creates an opening in the crown of the tooth to access the pulp chamber and root canals. Using specialized instruments, the infected pulp is carefully removed, and the interior of the tooth is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected to eliminate bacteria and prevent further infection. Once the root canal space is cleaned, it is filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha to seal off the root canals and prevent bacteria from re-entering. In most cases, a temporary filling is placed in the opening of the tooth to protect it until a permanent restoration, such as a crown, can be placed to restore its strength and function. Following a root canal, patients may experience some mild discomfort or sensitivity, which can typically be managed with over-the-counter pain medication. With proper oral hygiene and routine dental care, a tooth that has undergone a root canal procedure can remain healthy and functional for many years, allowing patients to preserve their natural smile and avoid the need for extraction.